A leaky heart valve may seem minor at first, but it can gradually place serious strain on the heart if left untreated. Known medically as valvular insufficiency, this condition allows blood to flow backward in the heart, disrupting normal circulation. With early diagnosis and proper treatment, however, many patients can manage or even reverse the effects. Here's what you need to know to protect your heart.
What Causes a Leaky Heart Valve and Why It Matters
Your heart has four valves that control blood flow in and out of its chambers: the mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves. Each plays a vital role in directing blood efficiently. When one of these valves fails to close completely, it allows blood to leak backward—an issue known as regurgitation. Mitral valve regurgitation, for example, sends blood from the left ventricle back into the left atrium, reducing the amount that reaches the rest of the body. Over time, this backward flow can enlarge the heart, increase pressure in the lungs, and cause it to work harder, leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and more severe complications if not identified early.
Symptoms That Shouldn’t Be Ignored
A leaky valve can progress slowly, and many people may not experience noticeable symptoms right away. But as the condition worsens, signs such as persistent fatigue, difficulty breathing (especially when lying flat), and irregular heartbeats can begin to emerge. Swelling in the ankles or feet and occasional chest discomfort are also possible. These symptoms are not always dramatic, which is why it's critical to be vigilant. Regular medical checkups and tests like echocardiograms or EKGs are essential tools in detecting valve issues early—before they become more serious or lead to heart failure
Managing and Treating Valve Regurgitation
Treatment for a leaky heart valve depends on its severity. In mild cases, doctors may advise lifestyle changes—like a heart-healthy diet, regular low-impact exercise, and blood pressure control—to help reduce strain on the heart. For more significant valve damage, medications such as beta-blockers or diuretics may be prescribed to manage symptoms and improve heart function. In some cases, surgical intervention is needed to repair or replace the faulty valve. Whether through monitoring or surgery, early and proactive care can make a critical difference in long-term heart health and quality of life.