A leaky heart valve, or valve regurgitation, occurs when a heart valve fails to close properly, causing blood to flow backward and forcing the heart to work harder. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling in the legs. If left untreated, it may increase the risk of heart failure over time. Surgery is considered when the valve leakage is severe, causing significant symptoms or damage to the heart, and when medications and lifestyle changes are insufficient.
When Surgery is Recommended
Leaky heart valve surgery is typically recommended for severe regurgitation that causes noticeable symptoms or heart damage. The decision is based on factors like the severity of the leakage, the type of valve affected, and the presence of symptoms. Tests such as echocardiograms and MRIs help determine if surgery is necessary. If repair is not possible, valve replacement may be considered, either with a mechanical valve or a biological one, depending on the patient's specific condition and health.
Types of Surgery
There are two main types of surgery: valve repair and valve replacement. Valve repair is preferred when possible, as it preserves the natural valve. In cases where repair is not feasible, valve replacement is necessary, with the option of mechanical or biological valves. Mechanical valves are durable but require lifelong blood thinners, while biological valves may need to be replaced over time but do not require long-term medication.
Surgical Approaches and Recovery
Surgery for a leaky heart valve can be performed through traditional open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques. Open-heart surgery provides a clear view of the heart but requires a longer recovery time. Minimally invasive surgery, involving smaller incisions, may be an option for less complicated cases and offers a quicker recovery. After surgery, patients may require lifelong care, including medication and regular check-ups, especially if a mechanical valve is used. Your cardiologist will help guide the decision, balancing the risks and benefits to find the best treatment option for your heart health.